A Nuclear Iran: The Case for Action

1 Keir A. Lieber and Daryl G. Press, “The Rise of U.S. Nuclear Primacy,” Foreign Affairs 85, no. 2 (March/April 2006). Available from https://www.foreignaffairs.org/20060301faessay85204/keir-a-lieberdaryl-g-press/the-rise-of-u-s-nuclear-primacy.html.

2 Nina Tannenwald, “The Nuclear Taboo: The United States and the Normative Basis of Nuclear NonUse,” International Organization 53, No. 3 (July 1999), 433.

3 Bernard Lewis, “August 22: Does Iran gave something in store?,” The Wall Street Journal. August 8, 2006. Available from https://www.opinionjournal.com/extra/?id=110008768.

4 For further information see Vali Nasr, The Shia Revival: How Conflicts within Islam Will Shape the Future. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 2006.

5 William L. Cleveland, A History of the Modern Middle East, 3^rd ed. (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 2004), 31.

6 John L. Esposito, Islam: The Straight Path, Revised 3^rd ed. (New York: Oxford University Press, 2005), 45.

7 Moojan Momen, An Introduction to Shi’i Islam: The History and Doctrines of Twelver Shi’ism. (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1985), 166.

8 Ibid., 168.

9 Ibid., 169.

10 Anton La Guardia, “‘Divine mission’ driving Iran’s new leader,” The Telegraph. January 15, 2006. Available from https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2006/01/14/wiran14.xml&sSheet=/news/2006/01/14/ixworld.html.

11 Scott Peterson, “Waiting for the rapture in Iran,” The Christian Science Monitor. December 21, 2005. Available from https://www.csmonitor.com/2005/1221/p01s04-wome.html.

12 La Guardia, “‘Divine mission’ driving Iran’s new leader.” The Telegraph.

13  “Full text of President Ahmadinejad’s speech at General Assembly,” IRNA. September 17, 2005. Available from https://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/news/iran/2005/iran-050918-irna02.htm.

14 Golnaz Esfandiari, “Iran: President Says Light Surrounded Him During UN Speech,” Radio Free Europe / Radio Free Liberty. November 29, 2005. Available from https://www.rferl.org/featuresarticle/2005/11/184cb9fb-887c-4696-8f54-0799df747a4a.html.

15 Charles Krauthammer, “In Iran, Arming for Armageddon,” The Washington Post.  December 16, 2005. Available from https://www.washingtonpost.com/wpdyn/content/article/2005/12/15/AR2005121501428.html.

16 A. Savyon and Y. Mansharof, “The Doctrine of Mahdism: In the Ideological and Political Philosophy of Mahmoud Ahmadinejad and Ayatollah Mesbah-e Yazdi,” The Middle East Media Research Institute. May 31, 2007. Available from https://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Page=countries&Area=iran&ID=IA35707#_edn4.

17 Cleveland, A History of the Modern Middle East, 31.

18 Matthias Küntzel, “Ahmadinejad’s Demons,” The New Republic. April 24, 2006. Available from https://www.tnr.com/doc.mhtml?i=20060424&s=kuntzel042406.

19 Ibid.

20 Ibid.

21 “Iran’s New President Glorifies Martyrdom,” The Middle East Media Research Institute. July 29, 2005.

Available from https://memri.org/bin/articles.cgi?Area=sd&ID=SP94505&Page=archives.

22 Lewis, “August 22: Does Iran gave something in store?,” The Wall Street Journal.

23 “Rafsanjani Says Muslims Should Use Nuclear Weapon Against Israel,” Iran Press Service. December 14, 2001. Available from https://www.iran-press-service.com/articles_2001/dec_2001/rafsanjani_nuke_threats_141201.htm.

24  Paul Klebnikov, “Millionaire Mullahs,” Forbes. July 21, 2003. Available from https://www.forbes.com/free_forbes/2003/0721/056.html.

25   Nazila Fathi, “Wipe Israel ‘off the map’ Iranian says,” International Herald Tribune. October 27, 2005. Available from https://www.iht.com/articles/2005/10/26/news/iran.php.

26  Ibid.

27  Dudi Cohen, “Countdown to Israel’s destruction has begun, says Ahmadinejad,” Ynet News. June 3, 2007. Available from https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3407915,00.html.

28  Ibid.

29  Nasser Karimi, “Holocaust Conference Begins in Iran,” ABC News. Available from https://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=2715610.

30  “Iranian leader: Holocaust a ‘myth,’” CNN.com. December 14, 2005. Available from https://www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/meast/12/14/iran.israel/.